

Imam Ayatollah Seyed Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (September 24, 1902 – June 3, 1989) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Alakụba na Marja, na onye ndu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Mgbanwe Islam nke 1979 na Iran nke kwaturu Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah ikpeazụ nke Iran. Mgbe Mgbanwe ahụ gasịrị, Imam Khomeini ghọrọ Onye Ndu Kachasị Elu nke Iran — onye kachasị mkpa na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Republic Islam ọhụrụ — ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. A na-ewere Imam Khomeini dị ka Marja-e taqlid nye ọtụtụ ndị Alakụba, na Iran, a na-akpọ ya Imam n'ihu ọha kama Grand Ayatollah; ndị na-akwado ya na-agbaso usoro a. Imam Khomeini bụkwa onye na-akọwa echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Islam nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na nke ọhụrụ, nke a maara nke ọma maka mmepe ya nke echiche velayat-e faqih, 'nlekọta nke onye ọka iwu'.
A mụrụ Ruhollah Mousavi nye Ayatollah Seyyed Mostafa Musavi na Hajieh Agha Khanum, onye a na-akpọkwa Hajar, n'obodo Khomein, ihe dị ka kilomita 300 na ndịda isi obodo Tehran, Iran, ikekwe na May 17, 1900 ma ọ bụ September 24, 1902. Ọ bụ Seyyed sitere n'ezinụlọ okpukpe ndị bụ ụmụ nke Onye Amụma Mohammad, site na Imam nke asaa, (Imam Mousa Kazem). Nna nna ya bụ Seyyed Ahmad Musavi, onye nwunye ya nke atọ, Sakineh, mụrụ Mostafa na 1856. Nna nna Imam Khomeini bụ Mirza Ahmad Mojtahed-e Khonsari, onye ụkọchukwu dị elu na etiti Iran onye Fatwa ya maka igbochi iji ụtaba eme ihe megide ikike pụrụ iche nke Shah nyere ụlọ ọrụ Britain, dugara na nkagbu nke nkwenye ahụ.\n\nE gburu nna Imam Khomeini mgbe ọ dị ọnwa ise, nne ya na otu n'ime nwanne nne ya zụlitere ya. Mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, nne ya na nwanne nne ya nwụrụ n'otu afọ ahụ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ isii ọ malitere ịmụ Quran, akwụkwọ nsọ nke Islam. Ọ nwetara agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ya n'ụlọ na n'ụlọ akwụkwọ mpaghara, n'okpuru nlekọta nke Mullah Abdul-Qassem na Sheikh Jaffar, ma nọrọ n'okpuru nlekọta nke nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye, Ayatollah Pasandideh, ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ 18. E mere ndokwa ka ọ mụọ ihe na seminarị Islam na Esfahan, mana ọ masịrị ya, kama, na seminarị na Arak, nke a ma ama maka ọgụgụ isi ya n'okpuru nduzi nke Ayatollah Sheikh Abdol-Karim Haeri-Yazdi (onye n'onwe ya bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta kachasị ukwuu nke Najaf na Karbala na Iraq).\n\nNa 1921, Imam Khomeini malitere ọmụmụ ya na Arak. N'afọ sochirinụ, Ayatollah Haeri-Yazdi bufere seminarị Islam n'obodo nsọ nke Qom, ma kpọọ ụmụ akwụkwọ ya ka ha soro. Imam Khomeini nabatara òkù ahụ, kwaga, ma biri n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Dar al-Shafa na Qom tupu a chụga ya n'obodo nsọ nke Najaf na Iraq. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ kụziiri iwu Islam (Sharia), nkà ihe ọmụma Islam na mysticism (Irfan) ruo ọtụtụ afọ ma dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na isiokwu ndị a.\n\nỌ bụ ezie na n'oge a nke ndụ ya Imam Khomeini adịghị arụ ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọdịdị nke ọmụmụ ya, nkuzi ya, na ihe odide ya kpughere na o kwenyesiri ike site na mmalite na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site n'aka ndị ụkọchukwu. Ihe atọ na-akwado aro a. Nke mbụ, mmasị ya na ọmụmụ Islam karịrị oke nke isiokwu ọdịnala nke iwu Islam (Sharia), jurisprudence (Fiqh), na ụkpụrụ (Usul) na ihe ndị yiri ya. O nwere mmasị dị ukwuu na nkà ihe ọmụma na ụkpụrụ omume. Nke abụọ, nkuzi ya na-elekwasị anya mgbe ụfọdụ na mkpa okpukpe dị maka nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke oge a. Nke atọ, ọ bụ onye ụkọchukwu Iran mbụ nwara ịgbagha nkwado siri ike nke secularism na 1940s. Akwụkwọ ya a ma ama ugbu a, Kashf-e Asrar (Nchọpụta nke Ihe Nzuzo) bụ nkwughachi isi na isi nke Asrar-e Hezar Saleh (Ihe Nzuzo nke Otu Puku Afọ), mpempe akwụkwọ nke onye na-eso ụzọ nke onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-emegide ndị ụkọchukwu nke Iran, Ahmad Kasravi dere. Ọ gara site na Qom gaa Tehran iji gee Ayatollah Hassan Modarres — onye ndu nke ndị mmegide na nzuko omeiwu Iran n'oge 1920s.\n\nImam Khomeini ghọrọ Marja na 1963, na-esote ọnwụ nke Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi.
Ndịnahụ ọchịchị nke Imam Khomeini ghọrọ ihe na-agụghị anya na mbụ n'afọ 1960. N'afọ 1963, o kpọkọtara White Revolution na mmetụta America na Israel. Nkụzi ya na Qom mere ka ndị mmadụ bilie n'15 Khordad (Juun 5, 1963), ma mgbe a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ ọ ghọrọ akara nke ịnọgide n'ihu. A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ 1964 n'ihi mmetụta ọha, ma e mesịrị chụọ ya.
N'ọnwa Ọktoba 1964, a chụrụ Imam Khomeini n'ihòhọ, mbụ na Turkey ma mesịa na obodo nsọ Najaf na Iraq. Site na Najaf, o na-aga n'ihu na-ekwu okwu, na-ede ihe na-eduzi ndị na-adịghị akwọ ọchịchị Shah. Okwu ya n'afọ 1971 na ozi ya si France n'afọ 1979 kpasuru ndị Iran. N'ụbọchị 1 nke ọnwa Febrụwarị 1979, ọ laghachiri Tehran nke ọma, na-egosi mbibi nke eze.
Mgbe ọnwa ọtụtụ nke ịnọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na ngosi, ndị Pahlavi dara n'ọnwa Febrụwarị 11, 1979. Imam Khomeini chekwaara ntọala Republic Islam na nkwado iwu ntụgharị ọhụrụ dabere na nchịkwa velayat-e faqih. N'ụbọchị 3 Disemba 1979, ọ ghọrọ Onye Ndu Kachasị Elu. N'oge Agha Iran-Iraq (1980–1988), ọ nyere nduzi na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, ma ọhụmụka ya kụzuru iwu nke Iran maka ọgbọ.
Otu n'ime ihe ndị ọ malitere ma nọgide na-eme bụ ịkpọsa, n'ọnwa Ọgọst 1979, na Fraịde ikpeazụ nke ọnọdụ nsọ nke Ramadan bụ Ụbọchị Quds Mba Ụwa — ụbọchị ndị Alakụba n'ofe ụwa ga-ejikọta maka ntọhapụ nke Palestine na megide ịnọ n'ọchịchị Jerusalem. Òkù a emeela kwa afọ kemgbe ahụ, gụnyere site na Islamic Movement na Nigeria na ọtụtụ obodo ndị ọzọ n'ofe ụwa Islam.
O wepụtara, n'ọnwa Nọvemba 1979, iwu ntọala nke machibidoro mmepụta, idobe, na iji ngwá agha nuklia, na-ekwu na ngwá agha ndị a na-emegidere iwu Islam — iwu nke duziri iwu Nigeria ruo taa.
Imam Khomeini nwụrụ na 3 Juun 1989, na ụmụ Iran nde na-esonye n'ili ya — otu n'ime nnọkọ kachasị ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ugbu a. Akụkọ ya karịrị Iran site n'echiche velayat-e faqih, nkwado maka ndị e ji mee ihe, adịghị mma maka imperialism ọdịda anyanwụ, na idobe Ụbọchị Quds dị ka ụbọchị nke ụwa maka ịnọgide n'ihu.
O kpasuru mwuga Islam n'ofe ụwa, gụnyere Islamic Movement na Nigeria nke Sheikh Ibrahim Zakzaky tọrọ ntọala, a mụtakwara ihe atụ ya nke ndu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ụkọchukwu ma na-eme ya n'ofe ụwa Islam. N'ọnwa Febụwarị 1989, naanị ọnwa ole na ole tupu ọnwụ ya, o wepụtara iwu ama ama nke kwadoro onye edemede Britain-India Salman Rushdie ọnwụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya The Satanic Verses, nke ndị Alakụba weere dị ka mkparị Onye Amụma Muhammad (udo nọkwa na ya). Iwu ahụ ka bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ịkpata njikọ dị n'etiti ụwa Islam na ọdịda anyanwụ, ma na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta arụmụka ụwa gbasara nnwere onwe nke ikwu okwu, ihe nsọ okpukpe, na ókè nke ịkpali.
Imam Khomeini ka nọgidere n'ihu dị ka onye kachasị mkpa n'okwu ugbu a gbasara okpukpe, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ikpe ziri ezi n'ọha — nke ọtụtụ nde mmadụ na-asọpụrụ dị ka onye na-ewu ntụgharị Islam nke ugbu a na onye ntọala nke Republic Islam mbụ nke oge a.
A mụrụ na Khomein, etiti Iran, n'ezinụlọ ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe si n'ụmụ Prophet Muhammad.
Malitere ọmụmụ Islam dị elu na seminarị na Arak n'okpuru Ayatollah Haeri-Yazdi.
Sorọ onye nkuzi ya gaa Qom, ebe ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi ndị ọkachamara nke jurisprudence, nkà ihe ọmụma na ụkpụrụ omume.
Nabata Kashf-e Asrar, nzaghachi siri ike megide secularism na nchebe nke ndị ụkọchukwu n'ọchịchị.
Mkpọrọ ya kpasuru ụgbaghara 15 Khordad; ọ ghọrọ akara mba maka ịnọgide n'ihu Shah.
A chụrụ ya n'ihòhọ mbụ na Turkey, mesịa na Najaf, Iraq, ebe o nọgide na-eduzi mwuga ndị na-adịghị akwọ ọchịchị.
Laghachiri Tehran na 1 Febrụwarị 1979; eze dara, ma Republic Islam nwere.
Ghọrọ Onye Ndu Kachasị Elu nke Republic Islam n'okpuru iwu ntụgharị ọhụrụ dabere na velayat-e faqih.
Ọ kpọsara Fraịde ikpeazụ nke Ramadan dị ka Ụbọchị Quds Mba Ụwa, na-akpọ ndị Alakụba n'ụwa niile ka ha bịa maka ntọhapụ nke Palestine na Jerusalem.
O wepụtara iwu ntọala nke machibidoro mmepụta, idobe, na iji ngwá agha nuklia dị ka ihe na-emegide iwu Islam — iwu nke duziri iwu Nigeria kemgbe ahụ.
N'ọnwa Febụwarị 1989, o wepụtara iwu nke kwadoro onye edemede Britain-India Salman Rushdie ọnwụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya The Satanic Verses, nke e weere dị ka mkparị Onye Amụma Muhammad (udo nọkwa na ya).
Nabara ikike UN 598, mechie agha afọ asatọ ahụ ma chebe nnwere onwe nke mgbanwe ahụ.
Nwụrụ na Tehran na 3 Juun 1989, ndị Iran na ụwa Islam niile na-akwa akwa maka ya.
Ewetara na